Owning a gold mine but unable to collect admission fees: Why can't UMA's optimistic oracles drive up cryptocurrency prices?

Despite holding a dominant 85.5% market share as the primary oracle for the prediction market platform Polymarket, the price of the UMA token has been in decline. The article attributes this disconnect to fundamental design trade-offs in UMA's economic model.

  • Passive Revenue Model: UMA's Optimistic Oracle (OO) operates on a passive, dispute-based arbitration system. It assumes data is correct unless challenged, which means the protocol captures little to no value from the high-frequency user activity on platforms like Polymarket.
  • Contrast with Active Models: Unlike oracles like Chainlink, which generate revenue through fees for each data update or service (e.g., price feeds, VRF), UMA's model does not directly monetize its core oracle services for Polymarket.
  • Token Utility Compression: To lower barriers and maintain security, UMA uses USDC for collateral and rewards in its oracle system. This design further limits UMA's utility, relegating it primarily to a low-frequency tool for governance and security staking, rather than capturing transaction-based value.
  • Result: Consequently, UMA has failed to translate its technical adoption and market share into sustained token price appreciation or significant speculative hype.
Summary

In my Fluid post, I mentioned that project design involves tradeoffs. This tradeoff is more evident in the relationship between the optimistic assumptions of the UMA oracle and the price of the token. As the leading oracle holding 85.5% of the Polymarket market share, the price of UMA has been declining, failing to become a "Polymarket MEME" and even lacking a decent period of hype.

Aside from market environment and liquidity issues, UMA's Optimistic Oracle (OO) mechanism, while enabling it to provide event-based judgments, such as whether Trump will win the election, and offering richer data types than price feed oracles like Chainlink, thus becoming the primary oracle for Polymarket, is essentially a passive arbitration model. Unless someone objects to the result, it is assumed to be correct. In contrast, Chainlink, also an oracle, generates revenue. This is because Chainlink nodes act more like "porters," moving price data onto the chain. Applications need to pay for data updates, a subscription-based or pay-per-use revenue model. Every data point update, every cross-chain message pass (CCIP), and every virtual random number (VRF) generated by Chainlink constitutes a specific paid service. Chainlink's revenue increases with the development of the DeFi market. More importantly, the Chainlink protocol itself is the entry point for data on-chain; DeFi protocols cannot access data without payment. UMA's working principle is more like a rotating judge adjudicating a case. Data verification occurs between the UMA proposer and the market contract; the protocol doesn't even need to know the transaction occurred. Because the vast majority of prediction market decisions do not trigger a dispute resolution process (DVM), the UMA protocol fails to capture value from the high-frequency interactions of users on Polymarket. Furthermore, to lower the user barrier and avoid the economic assumptions about security becoming invalid due to a drop in UMA, USDC is used as the collateral and reward token, further compressing UMA's functionality into a low-frequency governance and security staking tool.

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Author: 戈多Godot

This article represents the views of PANews columnist and does not represent PANews' position or legal liability.

The article and opinions do not constitute investment advice

Image source: 戈多Godot. Please contact the author for removal if there is infringement.

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