Author: Changan I Biteye Content Team

When you open the Polymarket leaderboard, your first thought is probably: This address made $200,000, is it safe to buy from them?

uncertain.

Behind huge profits may be the success of betting correctly on 50 markets in a row, or it may be that a single big bet just happened to be right.

The former is a systemic profit model worth replicating, while the latter is an unsustainable survivor bias.

This article will guide you through solving two core questions:

How can we penetrate data noise and identify genuine "smart money"?
Once the address is found, how can different strategies be implemented in practice?

I. Finding Smart Money: Predicting the Market is Essentially an Information Game

Prediction markets are fundamentally different from secondary market cryptocurrency trading: it is an extremely segmented information game.

Behind every market target lies a specific professional issue:

Will a certain film break 100 million yuan at the box office in its opening week? (Theatrical release schedule, pre-sale data)
Will the high temperature in a certain city exceed 35 degrees Celsius tomorrow? (Meteorological model, historical average)
Will Iran launch an attack on Israel this month? (Geopolitics, intelligence monitoring)

These fields have extremely high information barriers. Copying smart money essentially involves finding people who have a higher level of knowledge than you in a specific vertical field.

Where can we find these people?

Biteye's previous article, "Mastering Polymarket: These 7 Tools Are Enough," introduced seven Polymarket tools. Taking Polymarket Analytics as an example, we must be wary of the following three pitfalls when selecting tools:

1. The False Profit/Loss (PNL) Data: Polymarket's data structure is extremely complex, involving various on-chain operations such as buying, splitting, merging, and redeeming. Many tools (even the official website) can have PNL values that are several times off if the wrong calculation dimension is selected. Truly smart money should calculate PNL based on event dimensions, comprehensively considering inflows and outflows as well as current holding market value.

2. Interference from arbitrage bots, such as the automatedAltradingbot often seen on the list. These addresses profit through cross-market arbitrage or providing liquidity, and while their win rate is impressive, every trade they make has a hedged position. If you only follow one of them, the risk will be completely asymmetrical.

3. High win rate does not equal high expectations. Some addresses specifically target markets with win rates above 98% that are about to settle, aiming to profit from the final $0.02 spread. While this strategy boasts a near 100% win rate, it offers no profit margin for copy traders and may even result in losses due to transaction fees.

II. Four Dimensions for Screening Smart Money

After finding the ranking list, the next step is filtering. Smart money has two bottom-line conditions:

Profitability must conform to the logic of the Kelly Criterion.
At the same time, there should not be excessively large single losses.

The core idea of the Kelly Criterion is that bet size should match the win rate and odds; you shouldn't go all in just because you feel confident in a particular trade. Traders who truly understand risk management calculate every position, preventing a single loss from wiping out all previous profits.

Therefore, before looking at the specific data, we should first exclude two types of addresses: those with abnormally large total losses and those with a history of a single massive loss. Even if the total PNL of such addresses is positive, the risk control logic is still flawed.

The remaining addresses will be determined using four dimensions:

1. Win rate

Win rate is a core indicator for judging whether an address is consistently profitable, but it should be considered in conjunction with PNL.

High win rate but low PNL: This often occurs when trading at the end of the day, and even if you win, you don't make much money.
Low win rate but high PNL: It's possible that a few heavily leveraged bets were just lucky enough to bet correctly.

2. Market size

The sample size is too small, so the win rate is not a reliable indicator. The probability of winning 5 consecutive coin tosses is not low, but nobody would think it proves anything.

Having an 80% win rate in 10 markets is far more valuable than having a 70% win rate in 300 markets. The more markets you bet on, the harder it is to explain your profits as luck.

However, if there are too many markets involved, it's possible that the address belongs to a strategy bot, in which case there's no need to copy trades.

3. Holding period

Addresses with short holding periods enter and exit within hours. By the time you discover their purchase, the news may have already been reflected in the price. Following them is just chasing the high, or even becoming a liquidity drain.

Addresses with long holding periods are more like those that have made a prediction in advance. When you discover them, there is often enough time to follow up. This type is the most friendly to ordinary copy traders.

4. Profit Structure: Is the profit structure diversified or does it rely on a single source of income?

A good overall PNL doesn't mean you'll make money in every market. Some addresses are propped up by one or two big bets that are right, while the rest are losing money. This kind of structure is hard to replicate—you don't know where they'll bet next, or whether it's a good prediction or just luck.

A stable stream of smart money profits should be spread across multiple markets, rather than concentrated in a few exceptionally large trades.

What does a healthy address look like?

Take BeefSlayer, a weather ranking app, as an example.

At a glance, the data shows participation in 1,360 independent markets, a total of 2,500 trades, a net profit of $41,367, a win rate of 61.2%, and an average bet of $196 per trade.

As can be seen from the scatter plot on the right, profitable trades are distributed across various win rate ranges, rather than concentrated on a few exceptionally large trades. Large positions are concentrated in the 60%-90% win rate range, which aligns with the Kelly Criterion: the more confident you are in a market, the larger your bet; in uncertain markets, control your position size.

Money management: On average, each bet is only $196, and there has never been a single instance of heavy betting that wiped out the account in 2,500 transactions, demonstrating stable risk control.

III. Practical Order Copying: Automated Tools vs. Subjective Judgment

Once you've found a worthwhile trading platform to follow, how do you actually proceed? There are generally two approaches: one is to use a bot to automatically copy your trades, which is convenient but has limitations; the other is to use the smart money's positions as a reference signal, and then make your own judgment before deciding whether to follow. Each method has its applicable scenarios, which will be discussed below.

Strategy 1: Copy Trading Robot

There are already readily available order-tracking robot tools on the market; simply set the target address and they can automatically track orders. Common types include:

Polygun : A Telegram-based order-tracking bot that recently acquired Polymarket Analytics. The latter is a data analytics platform; the merger allows for both analysis and direct order tracking.

Kreo (XHunt ranking 194239): A Telegram bot that monitors on-chain smart money activity in real time and automatically copies trades. It supports setting daily loss limits and stop-loss rules and is available on both Polymarket and Kalshi platforms.

PolyHub (Hubble) (XHunt ranking 49220): A tool under Hubble that helps users identify smart money addresses on Polymarket. It has now launched a copy trading tool.

However, copy trading robots are not as simple as they seem. After trying them out, I discovered three problems:

Problem 1: The amount of funds is not equal.

Let's say you're tracking an address with $100,000. They've bet $500 in a certain market, which is 0.5% of their total funds. If you copy trade with only $100 in your wallet, you'd be spending $0.50, but the minimum transaction amount on the polymarket is $1, so copy trading is prone to not going through.

Question 2: Market liquidity constraints.

Smart money has large sums of money, and a single purchase by it can consume most of the order book's liquidity. When copy trading is triggered, there isn't enough remaining order book space, so you either can't buy at the same price or you can't buy enough quantity at all.

Question 3: Order execution mechanism

Most Polymarket traders rarely use market orders; the vast majority place buy orders as taker orders at their desired prices. However, place orders can easily result in small orders being executed consecutively.

For those who copy trades, choosing a copy trading method becomes very difficult.

If you choose to copy trades based on your portfolio ratio, small pending orders can easily prevent your orders from reaching the minimum transaction amount of $1.

If a fixed amount is chosen for each transaction, it is easy for multiple transactions to be executed consecutively under the same option, resulting in a serious position shift. If the trader chooses to hedge later, there will not be enough funds to buy the hedged position.

These two problems are not obvious when the amount of capital is small, but they will become more and more serious as the amount of capital used for copy trading increases.

Strategy Two: Subjective Copy Trading

Treat smart money positions as signals, and make your own judgment before deciding whether to follow them.

Step 1: Monitor the target address

Once you find an address worth following, you can't rely on manually refreshing the page to discover its new activity. The actual practice is to use tools to monitor its on-chain transactions, and receive notifications immediately when it makes a new buy or sell.

You can use Kreo's Tg monitoring bot to receive immediate notifications when a monitored wallet address makes a transaction.

Step 2: Determine why the wallet made the purchase.

After receiving the transaction records pushed to us, we need to determine why the address made the purchase.

Look at the timing of his entry: Was it right after a major news story broke? If it's news-driven trading, by the time you receive the notification and follow up, the market price may have already digested the news, and you'll be chasing the high.

If he positioned himself in advance and established his position earlier than the news broke, it means he was making trades based on his own judgment. This kind of signal is more valuable, and you still have time to follow up.

If his entry price is close to 100, it indicates that the address is engaged in "end-of-day trading," the market outcome is basically certain, and he is capturing the last bit of profit. Whether or not to follow this position depends on whether the remaining potential is worthwhile for you.

Step 3: Determine if it's worth following.

After determining the wallet's strategy, two more things need to be checked before copying its trades:

Price difference: The larger the price difference, the higher your entry cost is, the more your potential profit is compressed, and the greater the risk is amplified.
Position percentage: The higher the proportion of this position to his total funds, the more confident he is, and the more worthy the signal is of attention.

IV. Avoiding Pitfalls: Why do I still lose money when copying trades?

Copy trading sounds simple, but in practice, there are many details that can cause you to lose money. Here are three common mistakes I've made.

Myth 1: The position sizing mode of the robot's copy trading is not set correctly.

Copy trading robots generally have four position modes: fixed amount, precise replication, proportional, and portfolio weight.

I initially tried copy trading proportionally, but the other person's capital was 100 times mine. If they bet 1% and I matched 1%, the absolute amount would only be a few cents, which was impossible to buy in. Smart money betting on low-probability markets relies on small positions to try for high returns, and I couldn't keep up with that kind of profit.

So I switched to a fixed amount of copy trading, buying a fixed $1 each time. But then I encountered another problem: low-probability markets are inherently high-probability markets where you're more likely to lose money. Smart money might win once out of 100 trades to break even, but if you just follow the trend and buy a few times a day, you'll quickly lose all your money without ever getting that big win.

The conclusion is: before using a bot to copy trades, you must first understand the trader's profit structure. If their profits mainly come from low-probability markets, it will be difficult for a bot to replicate their strategy.

Myth 2: Exploring too late and still forcing it

People can't stare at the screen all the time. When they see the monitoring push and then check the market, they often find that the price has already risen from $0.35 to $0.72.

If you follow suit at this point, the cost will be twice as high, and the remaining profit margin will be less than $0.28. However, if the judgment is wrong, there is still a downside potential of $0.72, making the risk and reward completely disproportionate.

Myth 3: Smart money has sold off its holdings, but you're still holding on.

You monitor the smart money and start reducing their positions, thinking, "The direction is still right, let's wait and see," only to find that they've cleared out everything while you're still fully invested.

The underlying logic of copy trading is to borrow the other person's information and judgment. When the other person exits the market with a loss, you still hold onto hope and continue to hold. This is also why I lose the most money in copy trading.

This is similar to being a limited partner (LP) on Polymarket: when an order is accidentally filled and the spread is large, people are usually reluctant to cut their losses, always thinking that the price will rise back up, but instead it keeps falling.

Behind these three misconceptions lies a common problem: copying others' trades can easily lead people to abandon critical thinking.

Robots do the work for you, and smart money makes the decisions for you. It seems like you don't have to worry about anything, but once a problem arises, you have no idea where you went wrong or how to fix it.

V. In conclusion: Copying trades is the basics; understanding them is the advanced stage.

Copy trading is like a crutch; it can help you navigate the deeper waters of the market, but it can't replace your walking.

What's truly valuable isn't "what smart money bought," but "why they bought it." When you can begin to deduce the logic behind someone's purchases, copy trading is no longer your lifeline, but a screening tool to improve efficiency.

This is the only way to evolve from being a "leek" (a term used to describe someone easily exploited) to "smart money."

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