PANews reported on October 26th that Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin regularly reminded users on the X platform that "a key feature of blockchains is that even a 51% attack cannot render invalid blocks valid. This means that even if 51% of validators collude (or suffer a software vulnerability attack), users' assets cannot be stolen. However, if you start trusting your validator set to do other things outside the blockchain's control (off-chain), then this feature becomes invalid - at that point, 51% of validators could collude and give incorrect answers, and you would have no recourse."