By Alex Liu, Foresight News
As the Web3 ecosystem continues to mature, issues such as privacy protection, access control, and key management have become increasingly prominent. On April 5, Mysten Labs launched a new decentralized key management solution, SEAL, on the Sui Testnet. Below, we will introduce SEAL in detail from multiple dimensions, including technical architecture, application scenarios, developer experience, and future prospects.
background
In the traditional Web2 era, data encryption and access control often rely on centralized key management services (KMS), such as AWS KMS or GCP Cloud KMS. However, these solutions cannot meet the Web3 ecosystem's requirements for decentralization, transparency, and user autonomy.
To address this pain point, Mysten Labs launched SEAL, which aims to achieve secure data encryption and access control in a decentralized manner, helping developers avoid relying on a single trusted party in the process of building decentralized applications (DApps), thereby achieving more flexible and secure data protection.
The emergence of SEAL solves the limitations of traditional solutions due to single scenarios or reliance on centralized services when massive amounts of on-chain data need to be protected. Through SEAL, developers can achieve data encryption and access management across storage systems and application scenarios without sacrificing security and performance, providing a universal and efficient security solution for Web3 applications.
Technical Architecture
SEAL uses a multi-layered technology solution to ensure the data encryption process is secure and efficient, mainly including the following key components:
On-chain access control
SEAL uses the Move smart contract on the Sui blockchain to implement access control. Developers can define access policies in smart contracts to fine-tune who can access the decryption key and under what conditions. This chain-based rule ensures transparency and makes the permission verification process tamper-proof, thereby enhancing data security.
Threshold Encryption
In the traditional single-point trust key management method, the centralized storage of keys is easy to become an attack target. SEAL uses threshold encryption technology to store decryption keys in multiple independent backend services. The complete key can only be restored when the preset minimum number of keys is reached (such as the t-out-of-n model). This mechanism effectively disperses the risk, and the overall data can remain safe even if some key servers are attacked.
Client-side encryption
SEAL emphasizes that data is encrypted and decrypted on the client side, that is, the user completes the encryption process locally. In this way, even if the SEAL server or intermediate node is hacked, the plaintext data cannot be obtained, further improving the privacy protection capability of the system.
Storage independence
Unlike some solutions that can only encrypt specific storage systems, SEAL is storage-independent. Whether it is Walrus, a decentralized storage based on Sui chain, or other on-chain or off-chain storage systems, SEAL can provide compatible encryption solutions. This flexibility allows developers to choose the most suitable storage solution according to project requirements without worrying about the adaptation of the encryption mechanism.
Application Scenario
SEAL's flexible and diverse application scenarios also demonstrate its extensive practical value. The following are several typical application cases:
Content payment and threshold access
In the current digital content distribution field, more and more creators hope to achieve paid reading or membership subscriptions by encrypting content. With SEAL, creators can encrypt high-quality content and only allow users who hold specific NFTs or pay subscription fees to decrypt and view it. This model is similar to the on-chain version of Patreon or Substack, which not only protects the copyright of the content, but also realizes accurate user paid access.
Private messaging and data transmission
In decentralized chat and social applications, user privacy protection is particularly important. SEAL supports end-to-end encrypted message transmission, ensuring that only the communicating parties can read the message content even on the public chain. Developers can use SEAL to build secure and reliable decentralized instant messaging applications to solve the hidden dangers of privacy leakage in traditional social platforms.
NFT Transfers and Time-Locked Transactions
As an important asset on the blockchain, the security of NFT's transmission process has also attracted much attention. SEAL can be applied to the time-lock encryption of NFT, that is, the transfer or unlocking of NFT ownership is set to be carried out within a specific time window. This method is not only applicable to closed auctions, but also provides technical support for DAO voting and other decisions.
Storage of user sensitive information
In the fields of healthcare, identity authentication, etc., users' sensitive data needs to be strictly protected. SEAL can encrypt data stored in Walrus or other storage systems, and ensure that only authorized users can view it through on-chain access control, providing a decentralized and efficient solution for data privacy protection.
Developer Experience
SEAL is technologically innovative and provides developers with a complete SDK and tool chain, reducing the difficulty of integration and deployment. Through the SEAL SDK, developers can call encryption, decryption, and key management interfaces without having to deeply understand the underlying complex cryptographic principles. At the same time, although there is no established ecological project at present, the official provides detailed documentation and a sample APP, the code of which provides developers with detailed guidance to help them quickly build and debug applications in the test network environment.
In addition, the beta version of SEAL is now available on Sui Testnet, where developers can conduct multiple scenario tests and submit feedback to Mysten Labs to continuously improve the functionality in future versions. The developer-friendly and easy-to-integrate features make SEAL a preferred tool for Web3 developers.
Future Outlook
Although SEAL currently has mature basic functions, Mysten Labs has not stopped there. In the future, SEAL's development directions may include:
- Multi-party secure computing (MPC): By introducing MPC technology, more distributed decryption operations can be achieved, making the key management process more secure and reliable.
- Server-side encryption: In some specific scenarios, in order to meet the needs of lightweight front-end applications, server-side decryption solutions may be supported in the future to provide developers with more flexible options.
- Digital Rights Management (DRM): Drawing on the experience of the traditional media industry, we develop DRM technology similar to that of platforms such as Netflix and YouTube to protect the copyright of digital content while ensuring the security of the user end.
The addition of these functions will further expand the application boundaries of SEAL, making it not only limited to data encryption and decryption, but also becoming a comprehensive decentralized data security platform, providing solid security protection for the entire Web3 ecosystem.
