PANews reported on June 17th, citing CoinDesk, that Ethereum developers have entered the final development phase of the Glamsterdam upgrade, running a developer network (devnets) containing all planned EIPs before deployment to the public testnet. Ethereum Foundation core developer Parithosh Jayanthi stated that this is the final stage before codebase hardening and testnet launch, and while there is no fixed timeline, significant progress has been made. Glamsterdam, expected to launch its mainnet in the second half of this year, is described as "the largest upgrade since the merger," changing many assumptions about Ethereum and laying the foundation for future large-scale expansion.

Key features include EIP-7732 (built-in proposer-builder separation), which incorporates a mechanism separating block building and proposal into the core protocol to reduce MEV manipulation opportunities; and EIP-7928 (block-level access list), which allows blocks to declare in advance the accounts and contract data they will access, improving execution efficiency. Glamsterdam also includes a series of Gas repricings that will significantly change the cost of operations on Ethereum: computationally intensive operations will become cheaper, while state management costs will increase.